• Curvatura escalar positiva y aplicaciones 

      [SNAP-2019-004-ES] Rosenberg, Jonathan; Wraith, David (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2021)
      Introducimos la idea de curvatura, incluyendo su desarrollo histórico, y nos enfocamos en la curvatura escalar de una variedad. Uno de los temas principales de investigación actual es entender la curvatura escalar positiva. ...
    • Cutoff Phenomenon: Surprising Behaviour in Card Shuffling and other Markov Chains 

      [SNAP-2023-005-EN] Baraquin, Isabelle; Lafrenière, Nadia; Schuh, Katharina (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2023-12-21)
      This snapshot compares two techniques of shuffling a deck of cards, asking how long it will take to shuffle the cards until a “well-mixed deck” is obtained. Surprisingly, the number of shuffles can be very different for ...
    • Darcy's law and groundwater flow modelling 

      [SNAP-2015-007-EN] Schweizer, Ben (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2015)
      Formulations of natural phenomena are derived, sometimes, from experimentation and observation. Mathematical methods can be applied to expand on these formulations, and develop them into better models. In the year 1856, ...
    • Data assimilation: mathematics for merging models and data 

      [SNAP-2018-011-EN] Morzfeld, Matthias; Reich, Sebastian (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2018-07-10)
      When you describe a physical process, for example, the weather on Earth, or an engineered system, such as a self-driving car, you typically have two sources of information. The first is a mathematical model, and the ...
    • Deep Learning and Inverse Problems 

      [SNAP-2019-015-EN] Arridge, Simon; de Hoop, Maarten; Maass, Peter; Öktem, Ozan; Schönlieb, Carola; Unser, Michael (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2019-11-21)
      Big data and deep learning are modern buzz words which presently infiltrate all fields of science and technology. These new concepts are impressive in terms of the stunning results they achieve for a large variety of ...
    • Describing distance: from the plane to spectral triples 

      [SNAP-2021-009-EN] Arici, Francesca; Mesland, Bram (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2021-12-31)
      Geometry draws its power from the abstract structures that govern the shapes found in the real world. These abstractions often provide deeper insights into the underlying mathematical objects. In this snapshot, we give a ...
    • Determinacy versus indeterminacy 

      [SNAP-2020-004-EN] Berg, Christian (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2020-04-22)
      Can a continuous function on an interval be uniquely determined if we know all the integrals of the function against the natural powers of the variable? Following Weierstrass and Stieltjes, we show that the answer is yes ...
    • Diophantine equations and why they are hard 

      [SNAP-2019-003-EN] Pasten, Hector (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2019-04-24)
      Diophantine equations are polynomial equations whose solutions are required to be integer numbers. They have captured the attention of mathematicians during millennia and are at the center of much of contemporary research. ...
    • Dirichlet Series 

      [SNAP-2014-001-EN] McCarthy, John E. (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2014)
      Mathematicians are very interested in prime numbers. In this snapshot, we will discuss some problems concerning the distribution of primes and introduce some special infinite series in order to study them.
    • Domino tilings of the Aztec diamond 

      [SNAP-2015-016-EN] Rué, Juanjo (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2015)
      Imagine you have a cutout from a piece of squared paper and a pile of dominoes, each of which can cover exactly two squares of the squared paper. How many different ways are there to cover the entire paper cutout with ...
    • Drogen, Herbizide und numerische Simulation 

      [SNAP-2014-010-DE] Benner, Peter; Mena, Hermann; Schneider, René (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2017-08)
      Die kolumbianische Regierung versprüht Unkrautbekämpfungsmittel (Herbizide) über Coca-Feldern, um die Drogenproduktion im Land zu reduzieren. Sprühverwehungen entlang der Grenze Kolumbiens zu Ecuador wurden zu einem ...
    • Drugs, herbicides, and numerical simulation 

      [SNAP-2014-010-EN] Benner, Peter; Mena, Hermann; Schneider, René (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2014)
      The Colombian government sprays coca fields with herbicides in an effort to reduce drug production. Spray drifts at the Ecuador-Colombia border became an international issue. We developed a mathematical model for the ...
    • Emergence in biology and social sciences 

      [SNAP-2022-001-EN] Hoffmann, Franca; Merino-Aceituno, Sara (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2022-03-31)
      Mathematics is the key to linking scientific knowledge at different scales: from microscopic to macroscopic dynamics. This link gives us understanding on the emergence of observable patterns like flocking of birds, leaf ...
    • The Enigma behind the Good–Turing formula 

      [SNAP-2021-008-EN] Balabdaoui, Fadoua; Kulagina, Yulia (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2021-07-16)
      Finding the total number of species in a population based on a finite sample is a difficult but practically important problem. In this snapshot, we will attempt to shed light on how during World War II, two cryptanalysts, ...
    • Espacios de métricas Riemannianas 

      [SNAP-2017-010-ES] Bustamante, Mauricio; Kordaß, Jan-Bernhard (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2021)
      Las métricas riemannianas dan a las variedades suaves, como las superficies, propiedades geométricas intrínsecas, por ejemplo la curvatura. También permiten medir cantidades como distancias, ángulos y volúmenes. Estas son ...
    • Estimating the volume of a convex body 

      [SNAP-2018-015-EN] Baldin, Nicolai (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2018-12-30)
      Sometimes the volume of a convex body needs to be estimated, if we cannot calculate it analytically. We explain how statistics can be used not only to approximate the volume of the convex body, but also its shape.
    • Expander graphs and where to find them 

      [SNAP-2019-016-EN] Khukhro, Ana (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2019-11-22)
      Graphs are mathematical objects composed of a collection of “dots” called vertices, some of which are joined by lines called edges. Graphs are ideal for visually representing relations between things, and mathematical ...
    • Fast Solvers for Highly Oscillatory Problems 

      [SNAP-2018-006-EN] Barnett, Alex (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2018-06-26)
      Waves of diverse types surround us. Sound, light and other waves, such as microwaves, are crucial for speech, mobile phones, and other communication technologies. Elastic waves propagating through the Earth bounce ...
    • Felder und Räume: Symmetrie und Lokalität in Mathematik und theoretischen Wissenschaften 

      [SNAP-2023-003-DE] Saberi, Ingmar (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2023-09-19)
      Wir werden einige grundlegende Ideen der Eichtheorie und der dazugehörigen Differentialtopologie erkunden. Damit kann sich die Leserin ein Bild des Modulraums flacher Zusammenhänge machen und ihn mit den physikalisch ...
    • A few shades of interpolation 

      [SNAP-2017-007-EN] Szpond, Justyna (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2017-12-07)
      The topic of this snapshot is interpolation. In the ordinary sense, interpolation means to insert something of a different nature into something else. In mathematics, interpolation means constructing new data points ...