• 4 = 2 × 2, or the Power of Even Integers in Fourier Analysis 

      [SNAP-2023-006-EN] Negro, Giuseppe; Oliveira e Silva, Diogo (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2023-12-30)
      We describe how simple observations related to vectors of length 1 recently led to the proof of an important mathematical fact: the sharp Stein–Tomas inequality from Fourier restriction theory, a pillar of modern harmonic ...
    • The Algebraic Statistics of an Oberwolfach Workshop 

      [SNAP-2018-001-EN] Seigal, Anna (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2018-02-27)
      Algebraic Statistics builds on the idea that statistical models can be understood via polynomials. Many statistical models are parameterized by polynomials in the model parameters; others are described implicitly by ...
    • Algebras and Quantum Games 

      [SNAP-2023-004-EN] Paulsen, Vern I. (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2023-11-28)
      Everyone loves a good game, but when the players can access the counterintuitive world of quantum mechanics, watch out!
    • Analogue mathematical instruments: Examples from the “theoretical dynamics” group (France, 1948–1964) 

      [SNAP-2019-012-EN] Petitgirard, Loïc (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2019-11-21)
      Throughout the history of dynamical systems, instruments have been used to calculate and visualize (approximate) solutions of differential equations. Here we describe the approach of a group of physicists and engineers ...
    • Biological shape analysis with geometric statistics and learning 

      [SNAP-2022-008-EN] Utpala, Saiteja; Miolane, Nina (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2022-10-25)
      The advances in biomedical imaging techniques have enabled us to access the 3D shapes of a variety of structures: organs, cells, proteins. Since biological shapes are related to physiological functions, shape data may hold ...
    • Brauer's Problems: 60 Years of Legacy 

      [SNAP-2025-006-EN] Rizo, Noelia; Schaeffer Fry, Mandi A. (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2025-11-24)
      Richard Brauer (1901-1977) was a German-American mathematician who is regarded as the founder of a highly active mathematical area known as modular representation theory. This area grew from group theory, which can be ...
    • Characterizations of intrinsic volumes on convex bodies and convex functions 

      [SNAP-2022-011-EN] Mussnig, Fabian (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2022-12-08)
      If we want to express the size of a two-dimensional shape with a number, then we usually think about its area or circumference. But what makes these quantities so special? We give an answer to this question in terms of ...
    • Charakterisierungen von inneren Volumina auf konvexen Körpern und konvexen Funktionen 

      [SNAP-2022-011-DE] Mussnig, Fabian (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2023)
      Wenn wir die Größe einer zweidimensionalen Form mittels einer Zahl ausdrücken wollen, dann denken wir gewöhnlich an ihren Flächeninhalt oder ihren Umfang. Aber was macht diese Kennzahlen so besonders? Wir beantworten diese ...
    • Closed geodesics on surfaces 

      [SNAP-2022-013-EN] Dozier, Benjamin (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2022-12-08)
      We consider surfaces of three types: the sphere, the torus, and many-holed tori. These surfaces naturally admit geometries of positive, zero, and negative curvature, respectively. It is interesting to study straight line ...
    • Closed geodesics on surfaces and Riemannian manifolds 

      [SNAP-2017-005-EN] Radeschi, Marco (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2017-12-07)
      Geodesics are special paths in surfaces and so-called Riemannian manifolds which connect close points in the shortest way. Closed geodesics are geodesics which go back to where they started. In this snapshot we talk ...
    • Convex Polytopes and Linear Programs 

      [SNAP-2025-002-EN] Joswig, Michael (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2025-04-01)
      Convex polytopes are geometric objects that look deceptively simple. They occur everywhere in mathematics and have practical applications in everyday life – like organizing your grocery shopping list. In this snapshot, you ...
    • Cutoff Phenomenon: Surprising Behaviour in Card Shuffling and other Markov Chains 

      [SNAP-2023-005-EN] Baraquin, Isabelle; Lafrenière, Nadia; Schuh, Katharina (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2023-12-21)
      This snapshot compares two techniques of shuffling a deck of cards, asking how long it will take to shuffle the cards until a “well-mixed deck” is obtained. Surprisingly, the number of shuffles can be very different for ...
    • Cutoff-Phänomen: überraschendes Verhalten beim Kartenmischen und bei weiteren Markovketten 

      [SNAP-2023-005-DE] Baraquin, Isabelle; Lafrenière, Nadia; Schuh, Katharina (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2024-10-22)
      Dieser Schnappschuss vergleicht zwei Arten des Kartenmischens und untersucht, wie lange es dauert einen "gut gemischten" Kartenstapel zu erhalten. Überraschenderweise kann das Mischverhalten auch für sehr ähnlich ausschauende ...
    • Diophantine equations and why they are hard 

      [SNAP-2019-003-EN] Pasten, Hector (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2019-04-24)
      Diophantine equations are polynomial equations whose solutions are required to be integer numbers. They have captured the attention of mathematicians during millennia and are at the center of much of contemporary research. ...
    • Emergence in biology and social sciences 

      [SNAP-2022-001-EN] Hoffmann, Franca; Merino-Aceituno, Sara (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2022-03-31)
      Mathematics is the key to linking scientific knowledge at different scales: from microscopic to macroscopic dynamics. This link gives us understanding on the emergence of observable patterns like flocking of birds, leaf ...
    • Espacios de métricas Riemannianas 

      [SNAP-2017-010-ES] Bustamante, Mauricio; Kordaß, Jan-Bernhard (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2021)
      Las métricas riemannianas dan a las variedades suaves, como las superficies, propiedades geométricas intrínsecas, por ejemplo la curvatura. También permiten medir cantidades como distancias, ángulos y volúmenes. Estas son ...
    • Felder und Räume: Symmetrie und Lokalität in Mathematik und theoretischen Wissenschaften 

      [SNAP-2023-003-DE] Saberi, Ingmar (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2023-09-19)
      Wir werden einige grundlegende Ideen der Eichtheorie und der dazugehörigen Differentialtopologie erkunden. Damit kann sich die Leserin ein Bild des Modulraums flacher Zusammenhänge machen und ihn mit den physikalisch ...
    • Finite geometries: pure mathematics close to applications 

      [SNAP-2021-010-EN] Storme, Leo (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2021-09-22)
      The research field of finite geometries investigates structures with a finite number of objects. Classical examples include vector spaces, projective spaces, and affine spaces over finite fields. Although many of these ...
    • The Five Platonic Solids and their Connection to Root Systems 

      [SNAP-2025-004-EN] Böhm, Sören (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2025-09-05)
      Platonic solids have fascinated humans for thousands of years. In ancient times, they were associated with the elements fire, air, water, earth, and aether. These solids are completely symmetrical three-dimensional polyhedra. ...
    • Five Ways to Spell ADE 

      [SNAP-2025-003-EN] Kaufman, Dani (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2025-07-30)
      The solutions to a surprising number of mathematical questions can be classified by the ADE Coxeter–Dynkin diagrams. This snapshot will show you a selection of these questions and how they correspond to the ADE Coxeter–Dynkin ...